Famous Birthday Quotes From the Famous

Well known Birthday Quotes From the Famous At the point when you are a child, every birthday is a high purpose of the year-your own unique day, with cake, frozen yogurt, a gathering, and presents. What's more, you are the outright star for a day. As you get more seasoned, the achievements matter-ages 18, 21, 30, 40, etc as the decades progressed. As those numbers get greater, some vibe an extreme need to overlook this generally close to home and significant occasion, all your own, while others commend every one as far as possible. As Abraham Lincoln stated, And at long last, its not the years throughout your life that check, its the life in your years. Give an impromptu speech to that. Phenomenal counsel. What might it resemble if Plato or Jonathan Swift wished you a glad birthday? Would it cause you to feel unique? Here are some elevating celebrated birthday quotesâ from some well known individuals. The creators probably won't be around to give their desires to you by and by, yet their ardent birthday welcome could cause you to feel large and in charge. Acclaimed Birthday Quote William Butler Yeats: From our birthday, until we bite the dust,/Is nevertheless the winking of an eye.Plato: Old age: An incredible feeling of quiet and opportunity. At the point when the interests have loosened up their hold, you may have gotten away, not from one ace however from many.Pope John XXIII: Men resemble wine. Some go to vinegar, yet the best improve with age.Jonathan Swift: May you live all the times of your life.No savvy man at any point wished to be younger.Tom Stoppard: Age is a significant expense to pay for maturity. John P. Grier: You are just youthful once, yet you can be juvenile for a lifetime.Titus Maccius Plautus: Let us commend the event with wine and sweet words.Lucille Ball: The key to remaining youthful is to live truly, eat gradually, and lie about your age. J. P. Singes: Let us regard silver hairs, particularly our own.George Burns: Nice to be here? At my age, its ideal to be anywhere.Robert Browning: Grow old alongside me! The best is yet to be, th e remainder of life, for which the first was made.Mark Twain: Age is an instance of brain over issue. On the off chance that you dont mind, it doesnt matter. Madeleine LEngle: The extraordinary thing about getting more established is you dont lose the various ages youve been.Decimus Magnus Ausonius: Let us never comprehend what mature age is. Tell us the joy time brings, not check the years.William Shakespeare: With gaiety and chuckling let old wrinkles come.Lucy Larcom: Whatever with the past has gone, the best is in every case yet to come. Charles Schulz: Just recollect, once youre past that certain point you start to get speed.Brigitte Bardot: Every age can be charming, if you live inside it.Satchel Paige: How old would you be on the off chance that you didnt know how old you are?Ethel Barrymore: You grow up the day you have the principal genuine snicker at yourself.Bob Hope: You realize you are getting old when the candles cost more than the cake.Bernard Baruch: We become neither better nor more awful as we get old, yet increasingly such as ourselves.

Strategy And Controls In Information Security

System and Controls For Dealing With Malicious Attacks and Vulnerability Every association must concentrate and contribute on countermeasures to manage PC assaults and vulnerabilities. As indicated by Beard and Wen (2009) an association should adjust its assets against the estimation of its data resources and any potential dangers against them. These would work in distinguishing vulnerabilities, forestalling assaults, and countering impacts of any assaults that succeeds.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Strategy And Controls In Information Security explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Identifying the vulnerabilities and finding a method of limiting them would function admirably to keep away from potential assaults, and this is the best technique. An assault is a demonstration submitted by a gatecrasher with an off-base intention of meddling with framework security. An assault on the data resources misuses the system’s helplessness, and c ould harm the advantage. An assault could include any of the accompanying classifications or a mix of any of them: Fabrications, which implies appropriation of certain double dealings to pull a prank on the uninformed clients of a framework; Interruptions, which makes a break in the transmission channel and accordingly going about as a square; Interceptions, which spies on transmissions diverting to unapproved client; and Modifications, which meddles or quarrels with the information being transmitted. Powerlessness then again is a shortcoming in a framework that makes it workable for a mischief to be brought about by an assault. Dangers can't be killed, yet it is conceivable to ensure a framework against vulnerabilities. This would limit the odds of a danger misusing the helplessness. Thusly, wiping out however much powerlessness as could reasonably be expected is the way to assurance against the danger of assault (Ludwig, 1996). Procedures of Dealing with Risks of Attacks and Threa ts The security plan in an organization’s data framework ought to incorporate both proactive and receptive key measures. The proactive technique includes predefined ventures for forestalling assaults before they happen, and includes deciding the harm of a potential assault, deciding the vulnerabilities the assault would abuse, lastly limiting the shortcomings or the decided feeble focuses for that particular danger. This has been talked about thinking about a few dangers as referenced: Virus, Logic Bombs, Worm An infection appends itself to programming and spreads inside the framework and through messages to different frameworks. A worm then again spreads through misusing powerlessness in an application or working framework in a system. A rationale bomb is an infection or worm that actuates under set conditions, and for the most part influences the application layer.Advertising Looking for exposition on it? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper w ith 15% OFF Learn More An infection can make numerous harms a framework, and can prompt an immense loss of all essential data. The drive or programming can likewise crash because of infection assault. All the records put away in the hard drive can be lost. Infection would likewise interfere with the riding procedure of the net, presenting individual data to open. This may likewise influence different frameworks in the system. A few kinds of infection can create Internet Protocol (IP) address arbitrarily and send consequently. On the off chance that the created address is duplicate of SQL server, the infection can be shot by the framework heedlessly to other IP addresses, influencing an entire framework exceptionally quick. What's more, an infection assault can likewise cause support flood where the infection may exploit flood helplessness. The influenced framework won't have the option to deal with extreme data, along these lines may close down. Zero-day assaults are precarious sinc e they are propagated before the product engineer would even consider actualizing a counter to a danger. Powerlessness the board would help to limit the dangers of infection assaults. This is a security and quality affirmation process by programming designers that involves an investigation period of a potential assault, the test stage, answering to engineers, and relief or defensive estimates important. Control Measures Zero-day assurance These are security components found in contemporary working frameworks to limit multi day assaults. Work area and server security programming are likewise prescribed to counter cushion flood vulnerabilities. White posting, which just permits realized great applications get to the framework can adequately control against zero-day assaults. Various layers security would be suitable in the event that where one-layer abuse is found. For example, actualizing server get to control, neighborhood server firewalling, and arrange equipment firewall. These ar e three layers which would supplement each other on the off chance that one is undermined. Antivirus and spyware can likewise be utilized to recognize any infection, worm or rationale bomb assaults through checking procedure, and evacuation by crushing the parasite records and catalogs. Indirect access Attacks This is access to a PC that sidesteps any set security instruments. This should be possible for investigating by a software engineer, yet aggressors may utilize it as an endeavor. This would represent a security hazard, since wafers would consistently search for a helpless spot to misuse. A secondary passage permits an interloper to meddle with documents and even erase them or change framework settings. It can likewise debase web offices influencing rate and performance.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Strategy And Controls In Information Security explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Control of Backdoors A secondary passage can be found and evacuated by utilization of antivirus items. Propelled spyware removers can identify and evacuate indirect accesses by filtering. These have broad mark databases for framework parasites. Guidelines on manual malware evacuation are additionally accessible in web assets if there should be an occurrence of an antivirus or spyware remover comes up short. The client would then be able to have the option to erase all documents and different items that are parasitic. Vulnerabilities A shortcoming in the structure or activity of a framework that can be misused to bargain its security can be alluded to as powerlessness. A portion of the vulnerabilities experienced are featured beneath with systems and control of managing them. Security Administration Systems need security arrangement prompting an ungoverned data organize, and in this way powerless against assaults. The primary driver of this circumstance is the mentality of most PCs managers with dislike for security organization (Vilcinskas and Niman, 2000) This can be constrained by guaranteeing that methods adding to security are predicated to components of the approach to be firm and very compelling. This would contain security plans and requirement including evaluating controls. Moreover, security preparing to the staff is critical and ought not be excluded in an association. A steady procedure of formal arrangement the board and authoritatively archived methodology ought to be completely executed. A security arrangement managing the ideal opportunity for clients logging time to the framework could likewise be set. Architechture Single purposes of-disappointment exist where numerous PCs have concentrated information stockpiling and control. Physical harm to resources may result because of admissible activity of control gear. Furthermore, the utilizing of PCs and systems for crisis signals renders the framework powerless. Different frameworks like security and fire are likewise being coordinated in PCs. This expand s the potential outcomes of interruption and interruption (DePoy, 2003. P. 6)Advertising Searching for exposition on it? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This would require a compelling control progressive system to block any conceivable physical harm. Systems Vulnerabilities in systems incorporate constraints brought about by utilization of straightforward passwords and badly ensured joins for old frameworks which are so powerless against assault. In any case, contemporary advancements in current frameworks have additionally prompted more hazard because of gigantic collection of assaults the world over. What's more, there is ignorant trust in PCs connects to reliably transmit information with shared connections that are not enough protected from different substances utilizing it. Additionally interfaces to outer frameworks accept a similar trust on outside system. Control of these vulnerabilities because of system incorporate securing PCs associations over helpless connections with encryption, significant validation for remote access and information assurance among customers and passageways. The framework executive would likewise req uest occasional difference in passwords, utilization of screen savers that can break and enact the workstation lock, and setting a NetBios secret word whenever upheld by equipment producer (Warigon, 1997). Decision Strategies of a security plan in an association include predefined ventures for forestalling assaults. Infection, rationale bombs and secondary passage assaults have been examined in this conversation and the conceivable managerial and other control measures. A few vulnerabilities have likewise been featured with methodologies of managing them and control measures. These incorporate security organization, engineering, and system related vulnerabilities. References Beard, D. Wen, H. (2009). Diminishing The Threat Levels for Accounting Information Systems. NewYork: New York State Society. DePoy, J. (2003). Regular Vulnerabilities In Critical Infrastructure Control Systems. Sandia, U. S. : Sandia Corporation. Ludwig, M. (1996). The Little Blackbook of Computer Viruses. T ucson, Arizona: American Eagle Publications, Inc. Vilcinskas, M. Niman, P. (2000). Security Strategies. New York: Inobits Consulting Pty Ltd. Warigon, S. (1997). Information Warehouse Control and Security. London: The record. This paper on Strategy And Controls In Information Security was composed and submitt

The DTUDRNT Sample Essay - 4 Sections of the DTUDRNT Essay

The DTUDRNT Sample Essay - 4 Sections of the DTUDRNT EssayThe DTUDRNT samples of synthesis essay is a general composition that consists of four sections. These sections comprise the introduction, text, substance and conclusion. This composition guide covers some tips that are provided in the samples of synthesis essay.The introduction section of the composition guide introduces the writer to the topic and the relationship between the author and the essay. In addition, the author will introduce his or her goal in the composition. This goal may include expressing a personal opinion, sharing their personal thoughts, sharing a successful business or organization success or even sharing with them personal experience. There will also be some general info on how to become an excellent writer. A short summary of the first paragraph will also be provided.The second paragraph will begin by providing some background information. It will discuss what the main point of the composition is, and als o what the main purpose of the paper is. This paragraph will not only describe the thesis of the paper, but also will be addressing any underlying research that is going on at the time of writing the paper.The text of the paper will be written by introducing the topic and the main points in the paper. After this, the author will discuss and describe the main points of the paper. There will also be a paragraph in which the author will ask readers to think about the points that they would like to hear or read about. Finally, the author will end this paragraph by including some tips for the reader on how to become an excellent writer.The substance of the synthetic essay will contain a description of the body paragraphs of the paper. In the body paragraphs, the author will offer a summary of the content that has been covered in the text. In addition, the author will also discuss a few key points to the reader. In addition, it will describe why the key points were included and what other information is available that can help the reader in order to become an excellent writer. Finally, the author will provide some tips on how to become an excellent writer.The conclusion will conclude the entire composition. The author will also discuss some tips that are given in the paper and the suggestions to use to become an excellent writer. These tips will include the information that is available through the internet, the advice that is given by the writer, reading self-help books, and other suggestions that the author will give the reader. Lastly, the author will conclude with some tips on how to become an excellent writer.When looking for the samples of synthesis essay, a reader can look for the DTUDRNT website to get access to the sample essays. This website will also have a list of the various types of essays that are offered on the website.In order to become an excellent writer, the author of the DTUDRNT should know that there are many ways that a writer can improve thei r writing. Therefore, a great way to do this is through the usage of the samples of synthesis essay.

Prospective Business Man Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2226 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Study Essay Did you like this example? In this given case study, a prospective businessman is highlighted. Through the document suggestion in different sides are presented. Finding sources of finance, effects and choosing a right form have discussed here. This document will be helpful for those who are looking for opening a new business, but dont know about the financing of the business. Hope you guys will be helpful reading this document. Chapter One Identifying the sources of finance available to business. Introduction In a trade there is a variety of sources of finance available. Without having accurate awareness on these, the cost of finance would be needlessly huge. Here we will discover the different sources of finance for John. First of all John should know the initiatives and legal steps to start any forms of business (Task A). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Prospective Business Man Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order 1.1 Business Options Legal Procedures Sole trader- It is with single leadership and the proprietor of the trade takes the full account of profit or loss that gains. It is very simple to begin one, with no such legal limits (in specific); however they are allowed to pay income tax on profits. Problem is that sole traders are more likely to face shortages of capital than any other forms of businesses, sole proprietors are held fully liable to pay their debt either through selling their personal properties etc. Partnerships- the general requirement to begin is with two to twenty compared to sole trader; however profits as well as losses will be shared by the partners. For these, Partnership Act 1890 has been established. Each may also sign the Deed of Agreement. Other than these exceptions to sole-trader they are almost similar (i.e. partners are liable for debts also for the income taxes from the share of their profits etc). Limited Companies- There is mainly two types of limited companies; one is public limited co mpany and is private limited company. These both require Memorandum of Associations and Articles of Associations as from the legislation of Act 1985 (as mended by the companies Act 1989). Government imposes a much higher rate tax (on profits) which is corporation tax. As by now John should have some ideas on the types businesses and some tips on the legal procedures and how to start one. He should now know that the finance can be avail in three terms- short, mid and long term. Hence below his estimates classified according to what type of financial period it requires (short, mid or long term) (Task B) 1.2 Various Financing Term Estimated Requirements Required Terms for Finance Building and fixtures Long term Office Vehicle Mid term Security System Mid term Payroll Expense (year 1) Short term Marketing expense Short/Mid term (can vary) Office Stationary Short term Printing and Publications Short term Table no: A- Shows the terms of finance which are required to satisfy the expenditures (efficiently and effectively). Now as John Caird is planning to begin a business, there, finance cost will also be a big kind of cost like the operational and administrative costs. So there are variety sources of finances and as a business man, he should know these sources fall under which category, debt or equity. Hence below some of the sources are classified according to debt or equity category (Task C). 1.3 Debt Equity Financing Debt- these are cost where interest forms of payment is paid for instance- Bank Loan, Trade Credit, Hire-Purchase, Mortgage Loan, Leasing, and Bonds Debentures (from the given information). Equity- these cost are paid from the part of profit or income for instance-Invoice Factoring, Share Capital and Retained Earnings (from the given information). Conclusion- Some different sources of finances are recognized particularly in this chapter; also they fall under which categories. We also learnt in what terms (short, mid or long term these sources of finances are categorized into. The most important point of this chapter is that not all the sources of finance are used to pay all kinds of expenditures. Without knowing this properly, the finance cost will be unnecessarily much higher Chapter Two Assess the implications of different sources of finance. Introduction Previously from this chapter we have learnt some different sources of finance. Like about bonds, leasing, bank loans etc, which are usually available in the business. Different sources of finance have different implications. Each are different from one another. As they are so ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ each has their own advantages and disadvantages over the other, hence it is up to the business to choose and select what type and sources of finances they require. As we go ahead we will see some various sources of finance as suggested to John Caird. As suggested by Sandy in the case, to take the leasing contract for buying the building and fixtures instead of buying it at one shot. Therefore the risks and other implications of leasing are discussed (below) (Task D). 2.1 Leasing Risk Implications First of all, the leasing is generally provided by the finance houses or particularly specialized leasing companies. This leasing is a kind of borrowing instead of acquiring an asset. From this John can save a huge amount of money, and instead he will only have to pay a monthly or an annual fee. This will also reduce the burden of maintenance cost will be greatly can enjoy the tax advantages. From this perspective leasing is actually cheaper than direct purchase. By this John will have the flexibility to change and take better product instead of holding the leasing one when the leasing period expires. However certain risks also involves kind such leasing. As there is no ownership of property; as a result the leasing company has the right to switch the contract to another party- when the leasing period is over. If the asset is to be used for a very long period of time like the building and fixtures, then my personal opinion will be not for the leasing but rather going for a long term bank loan. Though leasing is much better for shorter or lesser durable assets like security systems etc, however even building and fixtures it is also good. Now John wants to know and distinguish between the usage and implications of factoring and discounting. How they are been used is explained below (Task E). 2.2 Invoice Factoring Discounting Costs Risks Factoring is taken when there is a huge amount of sales is done on credit. Then the company mainly faces a money shortage (i.e. short of working capital) and so it falls under debt by its current liabilities ex- creditors, bank interests etc. so to avoid such circumstances the company sells its debt to a financial factor (ex: commercial bank) and gets the money instantly with less service and interest charge. Through this the company can pay out its liabilities and can buy more stocks to run the business. A copy invoice is sent to the factoring company. When it receives the invoice, the factoring company will pay 80% of the invoice value to the selling company immediately. Discounting is quite different. As by this process he will be able to collect money from the debtors at a much faster, pace than usual. Through these debtors will be more willing to pay it earlier, than without this discounting because earlier they will pay it they will be able to enjoy higher discounts. Th is system is also comparatively much cheaper than the previous proposal and it is particularly helpful in reducing the bad debt. Practicing this system requires hiring more employees, which is a more troublesome issue. Further more when there is a question of quality and safety standard then, invoice factoring is the better option. As such finance houses are much more specialized in dealing of taking such issues. From the case we could see Sally pointing out importance of the trade credit (Task F is discussed). 2.3 Trade Credit In running a business this source is one of the most frequently used and it is also one of the most useful sources of finance. This is to done for trying to find ways to delay payments to suppliers. As this allows the buyer on credit to pay on a later dates than paying it immediately, hence it is also an informal way borrowing where paper work is not mandatory while acquiring the bank loan. The main advantage of this is in its fastness to acquire. However the paying period of this is much shorter than the bank loans and its costs are relatively higher too. So from trade credit John buy several things such as security system, office stationary, printing and publications. (Task G is discussed below) 2.4 Stocks and Bonds Now John wants to issue share capital and bonds/debenture to raise more capital for his business. He should know that not all forms of business can issue share capital or raise funds from bonds and debentures. For this in particular, only public limited company is able to all these. There is also a much higher complexity level of forming such business. As lot of paper works and regulations are needed to be maintained. For this Associations of Memorandum and Articles of Associations from the legislation of 1985 Act is to be followed thoroughly. There is a big difference between the share capital and with bonds and debentures. As one falls under equity and another on debt and so theirs risks and costs varies. It is shown in the table- Issuing Shares Bonds/Debentures Type of Finance Equity Debt Cost High Relatively much lower Risk Low or no risks High Table no: B- Comparison of Bond and Debentures with Share Capital. Generally it is wiser to issue share in times of low profitability and issue more bonds or debenture in times of higher profitability. Conclusion From this chapter some of the most basic, important and useful implication of finance were noticed. How they were used and with their usefulness and also some drawbacks were realized. As in this case various sources of finance like leasing, discounting, factoring, shares and debentures, their implications were Chapter Three Select appropriate sources of finance for a business project Introduction Here we will see and discuss some issues about how they affect the business and in its performance. Here the implications will go more in depth. Now we could see that John is interested in sole-proprietorship business. From the available sources of finance suggestions are made according to the requirement of John to start his business (Task H). 3.1 A Recommendation of Sources of Finance Building and Fixtures- Better to obtain on mortgage loan, by this he can have a full and permanent ownership of the property. Office Vehicle- In general it is wiser to buy on mid term loan, as means of paying it by instalments. Security System- It is better to take it on lease than any other forms like hire-purchase. It is because in each and every year new and better security systems are arriving Payroll Expense- For this one short term bank loan or personal savings can be used Marketing Expenses- Short term bank loan will be particularly good for this. Office Stationary- Buying on hire purchase can be a good one, as by buying on credit he can use the product immediately. Printing and Publications- It can be managed through trade credit, as it can be easily payable during the business years. As John finally got settled by being a sole-trader, he is still very much curious on the financial statements of different public limited company and among which he mostly got attracted on the statements of Cairn Energy. Now to clear some of his confusions, these followings are given below (Task I). 3.2 Identifying Probable Sources of Finance through Investigating Balance Sheets Cairn Energy stated that their Property, Plant Equipment- Development/Producing Assets has increased from $1,119.6m in 2008 to $1,828.6m. In fact their claim is proven to be true, as it can be seen from the balance sheet that their long term liabilities and capital has increased. For instance their loans and borrowings, retained earnings and share premium have increased significantly. Now there are other things which John likes to know from public limited company, that are- Deferred tax liability- This is the tax liability which can be shifted to the next year from the current year. Called up share capital- It is  [1]  the money required to be paid by the share holders immediately. Share premium- It is the value which is set above the face value (-the increased amount). John Caird now goes to further investigations as he has found diluted EPS, in the income statement part (Task J explained below). 3.3 An Introduction to Basic Cost of Corporate Finance EPS stands for Earnings per share. This is the income distributed to the shareholders, according to the number of shares they possess and dilution occurs, when the number of share increases the earnings per share and dividend per share also declines. Hence diluted EPS stands for, when EPS declines due to the result of dilution. Cairns long term cost of debt finance is approx $781.8m. However from the overall Cairns business performance, it is not so satisfactory. Conclusions From the overall perspective some of the important implications of finance were noticed, also on how they affect they affect the businesses. Further more by this John Caird hopefully will now have sufficient knowledge on running the business and managing the financial decisions.

Sexual Offences Act 2003 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1957 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Critically evaluate the definition of consent for the purposes of sexual offences since the enactment of the Sexual Offences Act 2003, with particular regard to the presumptions in ss.75 and 76. Date authored: 15 th August, 2014. Described by the Home Office Review, Setting the Boundaries, as a ‘patchwork quilt of provisions, the old law on sexual offences was a hodgepodge of archaic and discriminatory requirements. [1] Despite progressive changes by the court, the law on consent was in particularly confusing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sexual Offences Act 2003" essay for you Create order The Sexual Offences Act 2003 (SOA) attempted to clarify the law in this regard and whilst setting out several, detailed provisions, as a guide to both jury and judge, there is still a lot to be desired. In a society trying desperately to rid itself of outmoded rape myths, too much discretion has been left to the jury in deciding one of the most central points of all sexual offence disputes: consent. Historically, consent was not defined by the law. The case of R v Olugboja was the only case to provide a real indication on the question of consent.[2] In this case it was found that the issue itself should be left to the jury, to be given its ordinary meaning, requiring the judge only to direct the jury as regards the difference between â€Å"real consent† and â€Å"mere submission†. Under the SOA, consent is now defined by s.74 as the ability to consent by choice, with the freedom and capacity to make that choice. Before progressing further, we can already id entify clear issues with such a definition. The words â€Å"freedom† and â€Å"capacity† can prove difficult for a jury to understand and have been found by Temkin and Ashworth to be lacking. [3] Firstly, the word freedom is a loaded term and heavily context dependent; what about social boundaries such as economic or religious freedom? Take, for example, a woman who is financially dependent upon her perpetrator and believes that, without her consent to sexual intercourse, this allowance will be retracted, leaving her destitute. Can this truly be described as freedom even if there is no threat of actual removal? Secondly, capacity can cause problems for the jury, for example in the case of R v C, a twenty-eight year old woman with schizophrenia caused severe problems for the courts, resulting in a conviction at first instance, subsequently quashed by the Court of Appeal, and finding at the House of Lords that capacity had been insufficiently defined to the jury d ue to its ability to fluctuate.[4] Such terms are therefore open to jury interpretation, rendering the matter of consent still open to jury bias. To tackle such moments, ‘the Sexual Offences Review recommended that there should be a non-exhaustive list of circumstances where consent was not present, an approach adopted by some Australian States. The intent was to serve as a ‘clear indication to the courts and to society at large about circumstances where sexual activity was unacceptable. [5] Such an approach has been replicated to an extent by the exhaustive list found in s.76. However, feeling that this was too tougher line, the more comprehensive list of situations is found in s.75: the rebuttable presumptions. We shall begin with the exhaustive list of conclusive presumptions, found in s.76 (2). In a scenario wherein a defendant ‘intentionally deceived the complainant as to the nature or the purpose of the relevant act; or the defendant intentionally induced the complainant to consent to the relevant act by impersonating a person known personally to the complainant, a lack of consent will be presumed and the mens rea of the act, that the defendant did not believe the complainant consented to the act, will be, by indication, fulfilled. One of the clearest examples of deception as to the nature of the act is found in R v Williams: here, a singing teacher told a sixteen year old girl that he was aiding her with â€Å"breathing exercises,† when he did in fact rape her.[6]R v Jheeta is also a key case in this regard due to its discussion as to what deceptions may or may not count. [7] There is a suggestion made by Judge LJ that the jury will interpret this provision narrowly, so that the deception refers only to an act very different to the one they are engaging. [8] For example, in Jheeta itself, the defendant was found guilty only under the general definition of s.74 lack of consent, as opposed to under s.76. This was due to the fact that the claimant new they were engaging in sexual intercourse, despite her belief that, in doing so, she was following police orders to avoid the defendants suicide.[9] The presumption in regard impersonation also has limitations. The impersonation itself cannot be anyone, otherwise many Lothario roles we see on our TVs, pretending to be film stars, to seduce a woman, would be guilty of an offence. ‘The person must be personally known to the complainant and the complainant must intentionally have been induced to consent by the impersonation. [10] This is a restrictive list and there is no way to rebut such a presumption. This creates issues of compatibility in regard the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) Article 6(2), the presumption of innocence, and may well explain Parliaments reticence to extend the list further. The right to the presumption of innocence can be lost if it serves a legitimate aim, is justifiable, and is a proportionate response to that aim. As Card notes, it would be almost unthinkable for a jury to find a defendant innocent in one of the above scenarios and therefore the loss of Article 6(2) may be justified. [11] Yet realistically, what non-biased jury would find a defendant innocent in scenarios where an individual was unable to communicate consent due to disability, or the defendant had caused the administration of a substance, rendering consent void? Parliament has, arguably, been far too cautious in their determination to leave so many circumstances, rebuttable. The evidential presumption requires proof to be adduced either to raise the issue with the claimants valid consent, or to display a reasonable belief in consent on the part of the defendant. This is a particularly difficult area and has often been privy to jury bias, caused by knowledge of previous sexual involvement and horrendous issues surrounding voluntary intoxication, and individual sexual preference. The list include s violence, threat of violence, unlawful detention, unconsciousness, physical disability and causing the claimant to administer a substance which renders their consent invalid.[12] Herring notes that such rebuttable presumptions could well prove difficult to explain to a jury: for example, if the defendant argues that the threat, or use, of violence came before the couple had made up, leading to a valid consent to intercourse. Would this be enough to rebut the presumption? If so, then this would be very easy to rebut, leaving the door open for repeated offences by abusive partners, so long as they secured a â€Å"yes†, however unwilling, before the act occurred: ‘court guidance on the meaning of, ‘sufficient evidence is adduced to raise, is eagerly awaited. [13] Perhaps the most problematic aspect of this section is proving when acts have been voluntarily undertaken. Parliament have left all of these issues open to rebuttal to cover such moments as volun tary intoxication, along with voluntary sadomasochism or detention. There are countless scenarios where an individual could be seen by the partner to be engaging in consensual sexual intercourse. Yet here we find a problem: what counts as a reasonable belief in consent? Just because an individual has frequently consented to harm for sexual gratification before, does not necessarily mean they do now; just because someone has voluntarily become intoxicated, does not mean their drunken demeanour implies consent. Voluntary intoxication is a huge issue, as it falls between the areas of capacity to decide, unconsciousness and the inducement of substances. In 2005, Amnesty International found that two thirds of all people asked believed that an individual who has been drinking is partly to blame for what has happened to them, including jury members, police officers and prosecutors. [14] Such beliefs led to the appalling conclusion in R v Dougal that ‘drunken consent is still consent, failing to discuss capacity at all. [15] R v Bree readdressed this balance, concluding that drunken consent was still consent, as she had decided to argue that she had capacity, despite her intoxication. [16] A string of monstrous cases have followed this decision, wherein just because the individual could not remember whether they said yes or no, their argument was negated. Such a mindset does nothing more than promulgate rape myths within a jury and fails to take into consideration that many people lose their capacity after the intake of alcohol, although it must be stated here that there are few other ways to deal with such a problematic issue. Rape and other sexual offences bare one of the highest attrition rates of all crimes and this is unsurprising considering the wealth of hurdles a victim must overcome to gain a conviction. From dependence on, to fear of, the perpetrator; to the dread of knowing you will have to recount the experience at trial: the last t hing a victim needs is the knowledge that their own refusal may be found wanting. In conclusion it must be found that Parliament has not gone far enough in directing the jury as regards consent. By not taking a firmer hand and creating a more comprehensive list, Parliament has left the door open to the real possibility of jury bias. In addition, whilst a non-exhaustive list, Card finds there is a whole host of other frequently occurring scenarios, from, ‘threat of dismissal or economic harm, threats of non-immediate violence, abuse of a relationship of power and self-induced mistake as to the nature or purpose of the act, which are not addressed in the SOA. [17] In such instances the burden will be on the prosecution, from the start, to prove the absence of consent and of a reasonable belief in consent. In such a â€Å"he said, she said† scenario, it seems unthinkable that the jury should be given no more direction than an incomplete list of possible indicators, which may frequently bare no guidance to the matter at hand. Parliament have been too cautious, leaving the UK in a position where almost every form of consent may be rebutted and placing the issue itself predominantly in the hands of a jury which, corrupted by centuries of rape misnomers, may well be blind to the truth. [1] Sexual Offences Review Paper, ‘Setting the Boundaries: Reforming the Law on Sexual Offences, (The Home Office, 2000) . [2] [1982] QB 320 CA. [3] J Temkin and A Ashworth, ‘The Sexual Offences Act 2003: (1) Rape, sexual assaults and the problems of consent,[2004] CLR 328, 336. [4] [2009] UHKL 42. [5] (n 5) Card 41. [6] [1923] 1 KB 340 [7] J Herring, Criminal Law: Text, Cases and Materials (4th edn, Oxford University Press 2010) 426. [8] R v Jheeta [2007] EWCA Crim 1699, [23]-[27]. [9] (n 8). [10] (n 5) Card 46. [11] ibid. [12] Sexual Offences Act 2003 S.75(2)(a-f). [13] (n 8) Herring 429. [14] ‘Rape: is a womans behaviour to blame? (BBC News, 21 November 2005) https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/4455622.stm accessed 12 August 2014. [15] [2005] Swansea Crown Court 435. [16] [2007] EWCA Crim 80 4. [17] (n 5) Card 47. Bibliography Card R, Sexual Offences: The New Law (rev edn, Jordans 2004). Herring, Criminal Law: Text, Cases and Materials (4th edn, Oxford University Press 2010). Temkin J and Ashworth A, ‘The Sexual Offences Act 2003: (1) Rape, sexual assaults and the problems of consent,[2004] CLR 328. Sexual Offences Review Paper, ‘Setting the Boundaries: Reforming the Law on Sexual Offences, (The Home Office, 2000) ‘Rape: is a womans behaviour to blame? (BBC News, 21 November 2005) https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/4455622.stm accessed 12 August 2014 R v Bree [2007] EWCA Crim 804 R v C [2009] UHKL 42 R v Dougal [2005] Swansea Crown Court 435 R v Jheeta [2007] EWCA Crim 1699 R v Olugboja [1982] QB 320 CA R v Williams [1923] 1 KB 340

Illusion Versus Reality in Death of a Salesman Essay

Illusion Versus Reality in Death of a Salesman A major theme and source of conflict throughout Millers play, Death of a Salesman, is the Loman familys inability to distinguish between reality and illusion. This is particularly evident in the father, Willy Loman. Willy has created a fantasy world for himself and his family. In this world, he and his sons are men of greatness that have what it takes to make it in the business environment. In reality, none of them can achieve greatness until they confront and deal with this illusion. Willys most prominent illusion is that success is dependant upon popularity and having personal attractiveness. Willy builds his entire life around this idea and teaches it to his children.†¦show more content†¦This is what Willy has been trying to emulate his entire life. Willys need to feel well-liked is so strong that he often makes up lies about his popularity and success. At times, Willy even believes these lies himself. At one point in the play, Willy tells his family of how well-liked he is in all of his towns and how vital he is to New England. Later, however, he tells Linda that no one remembers him and that the people laugh at him behind his back. As this demonstrates, Willys need to feel well-liked also causes him to become intensely paranoid. When his son, Biff, for example, is trying to explain why he cannot become successful, Willy believes that Biff is just trying to spite him. Unfortunately, Willy never realizes that his values are flawed. As Biff points out at the end of the play, he had the wrong dreams. In many ways Biff is similar to his father. In the beginning of the play we see that Biff shares many of the same ideas as Willy. He values being well-liked above everything else and sees little value in being smart or honest. One of Biffs main flaws is his tendency to steal. Early in the play we learn that he has stolen a football from the school locker. 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Health Aspects of Cocoa Essay Example For Students

Health Aspects of Cocoa Essay Thesis: The development and distribution of cocoa has had a positive effect on todays society because of its active role in daily health. I. History of CocoaA. Kakahutal Mayan and Aztec CultureB. Introduction to EuropeC. Cocoa PressII. Mental and Physical HealthA. MigrainesB. Cholesterol1. Stearic Acid2. Oleic Acid3. FlavonoidsC.Premenstrual SyndromeD. Kidney StonesE. Chemical Craving Theories1. Theobromine2. Phenylithylamine3. EndorphinsChocolate, one Americas top industrys. We produce more chocolate and chocolate products than any other country, over 2.9 billion pounds a year. There has been much controversy about the lack of nutritional value of in its contents, yet new studies have shown that cocoa, used to make chocolate, can be good for you. The development and distribution of cocoa has had a positive effect on todays society because of its active role in daily health. Cocoa was last dated back to the Mayan and Aztec cultures in 1502. On Columbus last voyage he brought a few cocoa beans from the new world to Spain but they were introduced as nothing more than seeds and so they were forgotten. Until 1519 when the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortez landed during his expedition to Mexico he came upon the people known as the Aztecs. While there he dined with many of the rich and powerful people of this society. He reported that these people drink amazing amounts of something they called choclatl (Chocolate! 12). Chocolatl a beverage made from corn meal, chili peppers, vanilla, and kakahutal or cocoa as its known today. Cortez figured the if an Aztec king liked chocolatl, a Spanish king would too. So he brought some beans to Europe as one of the fabulous treasures from America. The Spanish royalty called their new drink chocolate. They sweetened it with sugar or honey and flavored it with cinnamon. But since the Spanish couldnt get enough beans for themse lves, they didnt want to share them with anyone else. They kept the secret so well that, for many years, very few people in Europe knew about chocolate. When the secret finally leaked out, only rich people could afford the luxury. But soon more and more beans were being grown, and better ways of turning them into chocolate were discovered. Chocolate became so popular that cocoa pubs, houses where you can go eat and drink all the chocolate you wished, popped up across the English countryside. Cocoa was the first great stimulant to be used by the European society, having achieved widespread popularity before coffee and tea (Friedman 75). In 1828, the Dutch inventor Conrad van Hbuten perfected the cocoa press, which separated the beans into cocoa butter and cocoa powder, making possible the first bar of solid chocolate. With the addition of sugar, and later milk, chocolate became the food that stole the whole worlds heart (Friedman 75). Because chocolate is so high in fat, roughly half its content, many theories about its effects have evolved. One of them is that chocolate causes migraines and headaches, which just happens to be false. Dr. Dawn A. Marcus of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center conducted a study of 63 women who suffer from migraines. Participants ate either chocolate or carob, which tastes like chocolate. The two groups suffered the same number of migraines within the next 12 hours. Although the study was conducted with women the findings are applicable to men. Most of the triggers and therapies for headaches in men and women are the same, so one would predict similar results with the male population, Marcus says (Chocolates Not a Culprit 66). Women report dietary triggers of headaches more frequently than men, and more women are beginning to suffer from migraines. .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .postImageUrl , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:hover , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:visited , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:active { border:0!important; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:active , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Antisocial Personality Disorder EssayHigh cholesterol levels have also been blamed on chocolate. For many years it has been seen as a arterychoking low-density lipoprotein. Nutritionists have now observed that some forms of saturated fats have no effect on cholesterol. One third of the fat in chocolate is a cholesterol-friendly saturated fat called stearic acid, while another third is a healthy unsaturated fat called oleic acid. In addition new research from wine chemists at the University of California at Davis reveals that cocoa contains the same antioxidants, called flavonoids, that red wine contains. These flavonoids have been proven to aid in the fight against heart a ttacks by retarding the oxidation of lipoproteins which would normally break down into foam cells that clog blood vessels. It has also been reported that many women have cravings for chocolate as though it were and addiction. Over a decade ago Massachusetts Institute of Technology began the search for a link between food and mood. They found that various foods high in sugar and starch boosted a potent brain chemical called serotonin which brought about the feeling of calmness and general mood stability. They also found that women didnt just crave sugar for its calming effects, they also craved fat for its mood-elevating effects. Fat was found to release endorphins which energized the mind and lifted the spirit (Waterhouse 81). Chocolate having the perfect combination of 50 percent sugar and 50 percent fat, as well as many other characteristics that account for its unmatched biological, physiological, and psychological experience, was found the most craved food. As research has also found that a change in estrogen levels can also cause cravings it can be noted that what women biologically crave is a reflection of what the female body biologically needs. In 1994 a French study published in journal Hormone and Metabolic Research showed that eating a single chocolate bar can raise the amount of oxalate in a subjects urine by 213 percent. High urinary oxalate levels can cause kidney stones in susceptible individuals. Linda K. Massey, R.D., Ph.D., a professor of food science and human nutrition at Washington State University in Punman, reported in the August 1993 journal of the American Diabetic Association that chocolate is one of only eight foods that cause a significant increase in urinary oxalate excretion (Friedman 78). Beets, rhubarb and spinach induce even higher levels of urinary oxalate. Indeed, the pick-me-up effect from eating chocolate is due less to caffeine than to caffeines pharmacological cousin, theobromine. This little-investigated chemical seems to have effects similar to caffeine, and is present in much higher amounts in chocolate than in other foods. Whether one can get hooked on theobromine has not been proved, but a 1991 University of Pennsylvania study published in the journal Appetite theorized that because theobromine has a chemical structure similar to caffeine, it may very well be. Most experts agree that there is a real chemistry in the craving for chocolate. One psychiatrist, Michael Liebowitz, from Columbia University found a substance in cocoa called phenylethylamine that seemed to trigger euphoric feelings like those associated with falling in love (Jaret 33). But unable to find any evidence that the compound induces elation Liebowitz abandoned the theory. Adam Drewnowski, who directs the human nutrition program at the University of Michigan, believes that when taste buds begin to tingle with the sensory delight of chocolate, the brain releases endorphins, the bodys feel-good chemical. Whether it is prompted by theobromine, phenylethylamine, or endorphins, or a combination of the three our brains signal pleasure at the first taste of chocolate. Or maybe its the fact that the melting point for cocoa butter just happens to be 98 degrees, which is why its melts when it hits your tongue. The cocoa butter absorbs the heat and adds a cooling sensation, while the many complex aromas and flavors are released. Its a sensation so unique that food chemists have never been able to duplicate it in the lab. Clearly new studies have shown that cocoa, used to make chocolate, can be good for you. And like all things in life there are some negative effects, but those consequences can be avoided in the case of cocoa products. The development and distribution of cocoa has had a positive effect on todays society because of its active role in daily health. This has been proven not only through the history of distribution behind cocoa, but also its physical and mental effects on the human body. It has become a part of our religious society and will always have a special place in our hearts. .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 , .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 .postImageUrl , .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 , .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0:hover , .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0:visited , .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0:active { border:0!important; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0:active , .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0 .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u843b862fa6113da03752817f8c97bbd0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Liability Of A Car Accident EssayWorks ConsultedChocolate. New Standard Encyclopedia. 1995 ed. Chocolate! Ranger Rick 30 Feb. 1996: 12-16. Chocolates Not a Culprit. Industry Week 247 March 16, 1996: 66. Cocoa. New Standard Encyclopedia. 1995 ed. Columbus. New Standard Encyclopedia. 1995 ed. Cortez. New Standard Encyclopedia. 1995 ed. Friedman, Max. A Bittersweet Romance. Vegetarian Times 2 (1996): 74-81. Hearts May Safely Flutter Over Valentines Chocolates. Online Available http://www.geisner.edu, April 18, 1998. Jaret, Peter. Three Cheers For Chocolate. Health 11 (1997): 30-33. Waterhouse, Debra. Why Women Need Chocolate. Good Housekeeping 220 (1995): 81-88.